在新石器时代之后，特别是在工业革命之后和现代，饮食和生活方式发生了某些根本性的变化，从进化的时间尺度来看，人类的基因组还没有完全适应。我们古老的生理结构与西方饮食的不匹配，与现代生活方式之间的不匹配，是许多所谓的文明病的基础，包括冠心病、肥胖、高血压、2型糖尿病、自身免疫性疾病和骨质疏松症。
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493173/
https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-9-32#ref-CR5
https://www.dovepress.com/the-western-diet-and-lifestyle-and-diseases-of-civilization-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRCC
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_1-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551182/
https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article/55/2/480/12599/Loss-of-Endothelial-Glycocalyx-During-Acute
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01065/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284805/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025600/
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